Electro-magnet



(No Model.) v 1 A. D. AYRES.

ELECTRO MAGNET.

No. 476,236. Patented June 7, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDRUS D. AYRES, OF KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.

ELECTRO-MAGNET.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 476,236, dated June 7,1892.

Application filed scptembcr 15, 1891- Serial No. 405,767. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ANDRUS D. Arnns, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of Kalamazoo, in the county of Kala mazoo and Stateof Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inElectro-Magnets, of which the followingis a specification.

The object of my invention is to secure a long pull fromelect-ro-magnets. Iattain this end by means of the arrangement andcombination of a series of iron-clad or paramagnetically-incased coilsconsisting of separate and independent incased coils having movablecores, said cores being the armatures and so arranged and constructedthat the current will pass from one coil or magnet to the othersconsecutively, energizing one after another, thereby causing the armatures to move, each coil drawing the armatures a predetermined distance,thereby forming a complete or nearly-complete magnetic circuit betweenthe armature and ineasement, at which instant the current changes intoanother coil where the armature of the coil to which the current changesis in an operative position, causing the armatures to travel a certainother predetermined distance, and so on to the end of the series, thenceby proper commutation back again, if desired. By this means thearmatures are caused to move any desired distance, said distance beingregulated by the construction and arrangement of the magnets andarmatures. It is notin all arrangements necessary that it should be themagnet or coil immediately next following to which the current changesor that but one magnet should be energized at a time, for theconstruction can be such that it Will change to any coil in the seriesor so built that any desired number of coils will be simultaneouslyexcited. In this construction of the magnets it is highly important thatthe cores or magnets (whichever are constructed to move) should bearranged in such a position relatively to each other and to thestationary portions that when one coil shall have performed its functionthe case and core and the coil or coils next energized will bear to eachother such a relation that the same action will take place as in theones preceding it-that is, the configuration of the two must be suchthat as members of a magnetic circuit they will be susceptible of achange in form or position. The construction can be best facilitated byemploying separate cores and incasements with coils therein, incasedcoils and cores being magnetically separated but bound together, asshown in the drawings, wherein similar letters refer to like partsthroughout the ligures.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the device taken through thecenter. Fig. 2 is a top view of the complete device and shows thecontact between the brush and commutator.

A, A A and A represent the core-armatures.

B, B B and B represent shells in which the coils are placed on the brasstube l3, and are preferably made of soft iron.

B represents the brass tube separating the coils from the armatures.

O is a piece of cbonite.

D is an adjustable ebonite plate.

E is a commutator-brush.

E is a platinum point on the brush shown in Fig. 2.

F is a commutator.

F represents two guide-springs.

a, a, a a a, and a represent different sections of the commutator F.

I represents the source of electricity.

b, 1), b b 1), b b and 12 represent ourrent-wires.

G is a light spring-brush resting on the arm E.

My device operates as follows, particular reference being had to Fig. 1:In this figure the cores are represented in such a position that amagnetic circuitis' completed between the armature A and the casing ormagnet B. In this position the brush E has shifted to the guide-spring Fthe point E, resting on the spring F, the spring-brush so adjusted thatit seeks an equilibrium, and will spring to F from a. New shouldacircuit be made through the battery I, the current will follow bthrough G and E to spring F, and a b to the helix around B thence by band b to the battery I, completing the circuit. This energizes B anddraws A toward the right end, moving all the cores until the magneticcircuit between A and B is nearly completed, at which instant the brushE passes to a another section of the commutator, and the core A willhave reached, with reference to the magnet B an operative position. Thecurrent will then, passing from the brush E, complete the circuitthrough a, the wire connecting with a I), helix of B and b and b to thebattery I, energizing B and by drawing A nearly close the magneticcircuit between B and A at whichinstantE will havepassed to a and A willhave reached an operative position with reference to B',when thecurrent, again passing from IE, will complete the circuit through a b,helix of B, and I) to the battery I, energizing the magnet 13 andinductively the armature A and drawingA till the magnetic circuitbetween B and A will have been nearly or quite completed, at whichinstant E will spring to F, A being in an operative position withreference to B completing the circuitthrough G, E, spring F, b, helix ofB and b to the battery I, energizing B and drawing A to the left till itshall have nearly completed a magnetic circuit, at which instant E willhave passed to a and A being brought by such action to an operativeposition with reference to E the circuit being completed through G E, a,b, helix of 13 ,13, and 11 This energizes B and draws A to the left tilla magnetic circuit shall have been nearly completed between B and A atwhich instant E will pass to the next section a of the commutator, and Awill have been brought to an operative position with reference to B,when the circuit will be completed through G, E, a, D helix of 13, b and b and will energize B and draw A to the left till a magnetic circuitshall have been nearly or quite completed between B and A when Ewillspring to F, leaving the magnets and armatures in the original position.This action will continue as long as a sufficient current continues. Itwill be seen that that section of the commutator marked a is connectedby b with F, and that the othersection marked a is connected with F atthe other end and also to a. The objectof this is to insure a circuitthrough whichever one of these points E should come in contact. It isseen from this explanation that there is always an armature in anoperative position with its relative magnet. By the expression operativeposition I mean such a relative position of an armature to its magnet ora magnet to its relative armature that when a magnet is energized thearmature becoming inductively magnetized, being a part of the magneticcircuit, will have a greater affinity for the pole of the magnet whichis uncovered by the armature, and tend to close the gap between them;or, in other words, that the configuration of the two is such that bothbeing magnets, the proximity of their opposite poles will tend to closethe gap by the attraction between them, thus bringing them togetheruntil they form a complete or nearlyeomplete magnetic circuit.

\Vhile I have in this application described a particular form ofcommutator and a certain shape of apparatus, itinust be distinctlyunderstood that the invention is not limited to that particular means ofsupplying current, and is applicable to any shape where severalarmatures can be fastened together, magnetically separated, and eachmade to form parts of complete or nearly-complete magnetic circuits, soas practically to produce a long movement of the arniatures or magnets.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

The combination of a series of paramagnetically-incased coils providedwith a series of magnetically-divided core-armatures, said armaturesbeing bound together and each armature arranged to form portions ofparticular magnetic circuits, and a suitable commutator so arranged thatthe combined armatnres are made to partake of the action of the series.

A. D. AYRES. \Vitnesses:

CLARE A. WILLIAMS, JULIUS Senosrnn.

